40. Combination Sum II

难度: Medium

题目描述

Given a collection of candidate numbers (candidates) and a target number (target), find all unique combinations in candidates where the candidate numbers sum to target.

Each number in candidates may only be used once in the combination.

Note: The solution set must not contain duplicate combinations.

 

Example 1:

Input: candidates = [10,1,2,7,6,1,5], target = 8
Output: 
[
[1,1,6],
[1,2,5],
[1,7],
[2,6]
]

Example 2:

Input: candidates = [2,5,2,1,2], target = 5
Output: 
[
[1,2,2],
[5]
]

 

Constraints:

• 1 <= candidates.length <= 100
• 1 <= candidates[i] <= 50
• 1 <= target <= 30

解题思路

代码实现

解决方案

java

class Solution {
    public List<List<Integer>> combinationSum2(int[] candidates, int target) {

        int len = candidates.length;
        List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>();
        if (len == 0) {
            return res;
        }

        // 关键步骤
        Arrays.sort(candidates);

        Deque<Integer> path = new ArrayDeque<>(len);
        dfs(candidates, len, 0, target, path, res);
        return res;
    }

    private void dfs(int[] candidates, int len, int begin, int target, Deque<Integer> path, List<List<Integer>> res) {
        if (target == 0) {
            res.add(new ArrayList<>(path));
            return;
        }
        for (int i = begin; i < len; i++) {
            // 大剪枝：减去 candidates[i] 小于 0，减去后面的 candidates[i + 1]、candidates[i + 2] 肯定也小于
            // 0，因此用 break
            if (target - candidates[i] < 0) {
                break;
            }

            // 小剪枝：同一层相同数值的结点，从第 2 个开始，候选数更少，结果一定发生重复，因此跳过，用 continue
            if (i > begin && candidates[i] == candidates[i - 1]) {
                continue;
            }

            path.addLast(candidates[i]);
            // 调试语句 ①
            // System.out.println("递归之前 => " + path + "，剩余 = " + (target - candidates[i]));

            // 因为元素不可以重复使用，这里递归传递下去的是 i + 1 而不是 i
            dfs(candidates, len, i + 1, target - candidates[i], path, res);

            path.removeLast();
            // 调试语句 ②
            // System.out.println("递归之后 => " + path + "，剩余 = " + (target - candidates[i]));
        }
    }

}